Introduction
We know little about how the way we organise cities over space influences social, economic and environmental outcomes, in part because it is hard to measure.
Satellite imagery, combined with cutting-edge AI, can provide a source of data to track the evolution of the built environment at unprecedented detail.
This project develops a conceptual framework to characterise urban structure through the notions of spatial signatures and urban grammar, and will deploy it to generate open data products and insight about the evolution of cities.
Explaining the science
This project will propose the building blocks of an urban grammar to describe urban form and will develop artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to learn such a grammar from satellite imagery.
The conceptual urban grammar will be made computable by leveraging satellite data sources and state-of-the-art machine learning and AI techniques. Satellite technology is undergoing a revolution that is making more and better data available to study societal challenges. However, the potential of satellite data can only be unlocked through the application of refined machine learning and AI algorithms. In this context, we will combine geodemographics, deep learning, transfer learning, sequence analysis, and recurrent neural networks.
These approaches expand and complement traditional techniques used in the social sciences by allowing to extract insight from highly unstructured data such as images. In doing so, the project will develop methods that will set the foundations of other applications in the social sciences.
Project aims
- To conceptualise an urban grammar to describe urban form as a combination of "spatial signatures", computable classes describing a unique spatial pattern of urban development.
- To develop a data-driven classification of spatial signatures as building blocks of an urban grammar.
- To create AI techniques that can learn urban grammar from satellite imagery.
- To build a computable urban grammar of the UK from high-resolution trajectories of spatial signatures that helps us understand its future evolution.
The project is expected to have long-term impact along three dimensions:
- Providing relevant, timely and detailed evidence about the nature of urban form in the UK and its evolution over time.
- Driving better decisions about how cities are planned and managed, made possible thanks to the combination of data and insights delivered through appropriate channels to the relevant stakeholders.
- Enabling a better understanding of the structure and form of cities, as well as how they evolve over time, preparing us todesign better future cities.
Applications
Ultimately, the project will help to study, plan and manage cities in the UK better. Its output portfolio includes academic deliverables, such as participation in world conferences and publication of articles in internationally renowned peer-reviewed journals, as well as a wide range of additional items, such as engagement workshops, open source software and open data products, specifically targeted at non-academic actors.
There are four key (non-academic) stakeholder groups who will benefit directly and indirectly from this project:
- Local governments, which are in charge of shaping policies that affect the way activities are spatially distributed within their boundaries;
- Central government, which needs consistent measures across the country to assess both the global evolution of the urban system, and to which extent different cities are changing in different ways following systematic patterns (e.g. north-south divide);
- National data organisations such as the Ordnance Survey and the Office of National Statistics, whose primary mission is to develop evidence and products that collectively inform and measure different aspects of society and environment in the UK;
- The general public, for the majority of whom cities are their home, and are interested in better understanding how the building blocks that make them up are distributed over space and change over time.
Organisers
Contact info
Dani Arribas Bel
[email protected]